| Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich | |
|---|---|
| Spouse | Zinaida Sergeievna Rashevskaya |
| House | House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |
| Father | Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich |
| Mother | Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
| Born | 24 November 1877 Tsarskoye Selo, Tsarist Russia |
| Died | 9 November 1943 (aged 65) Paris, France |
Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia (Russian: Борис Владимирович; 24 November 1877 – 9 November 1943) was a son of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, a grandson of Czar Alexander II of Russia and a first cousin of Czar Nicholas II. He followed a military career and was a Major General in the Russian Army. He took part in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. He managed to escape revolutionary Russia. In exile, he married his mistress and settled in Paris.
Contents |
Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich was born on 24 November 1877 at Saint Petersburg, the third child and second surviving son among the five children of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, born Duchess Marie Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. His parents were very wealthy and lived in the luxurious Vladimir Palace in Saint Petersburg. His father Vladimir Alexandrovich, a brother of Czar Alexander III of Russia, was a renowned patron of the arts; his mother, Maria Pavlovna, one of the greatest hostesses of Russian society. Boris, more extrovert than his siblings, was his mother’s favorite.
It was traditional for the male members of the Romanov family to follow a military career. From his birth Grand Duke Boris was appointed patron of the 45th Azov Infantry Regiment, and enrolled into the Semeonovsky Life Guards and the Life Guards Dragoon regiment, the 4th Life Guard Rifle Battalion of the Imperial Family. His education emphasized languages and military training. In 1896, at the age of eighteen, he graduated from the Nikolaievksy Cavalry School with the rank of Cornet of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. That same year he became aide-de-camp to the Emperor.
Grand Duke Boris lived in his own palace in Saint Petersburg, built in 1895 in the style of an English country house. From early youth Boris was notorious for his restless life style. Very social, he liked to drink and have fun. He became a famous playboy. In 1896 during the coronation ceremonies of Czar Nicholas II, he flirted with Crown Princess Marie of Romania, who was his first cousin and was already married. The next year, he visited her in Bucharest, fueling more rumors. Entangled with a Mademoiselle Demidov, he was the cause of her engagement breaking off on the eve of her wedding. The famous ballerina Anna Pavlova was one of Boris’ lovers. He was called “the terror of jealous husbands as well as of watchful mothers”.[1]
Although loaded with wealth and privilege, he found his income insufficient and ran up a huge debt of nearly half a million rubles with his mother. In one year he spent more than 25,000 rubles for meals, 16,000 for servants and 8,000 for automobiles, giving 46 rubles to the church. His mother protected him from the wrath of the family. At one point he proposed to Princess Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, but otherwise avoided settling down. His trips abroad became legendary, his escapades in doubtful taste.[2] He drank in the company of spongers and prostitutes.[2][2]
In 1901 he had a liaison with a Frenchwoman, Jeanne Aumont-Lacroix, and had a son by her. The child, Boris Lacroix (1902–1984), was not recognized. To break the relationship and strengthen his character Boris's parents sent him, with the Czar's approval, on a world tour.
In the autumn of 1901, Boris Vladimirovich left Russia for Cannes where he lived in Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich's house. He began the long trip in January 1902 on board the German ship Bremen. Accompanied by a large entourage, he visited Egypt, India, Ceylon, Siam, French Indochina, Japan, Honolulu, California, Chicago and New York. A highlight of his journey was his visit to the Maharaja of Kapurthala in his kingdom near Punjab. He went hunting tigers and always remembered well his Kapurthala friends. During his visit to the United States he was noted in Chicago for drinking champagne from the satin slipper of a chorine from The Wizard of Oz and tipping showgirls with $20 bills.[2] Jovial and increasingly stout, Boris was famous for his wild and unpredictable behavior, but eventually these excesses began to lose their appeal. He remarked to his brother Kyril, “After a while every woman is the same, nothing is new except the face”.[3]
In October 1903, he enlisted in the Czar's retinue. On 26 February he left Russia for the Far East, to take part in the Russo-Japanese War.[4] On the morning of 31 March 1904, while galloping from the heights of Dacha Hill on the rim of Port Arthur, he witnessed the sinking of the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk in which more than 600 men died; his brother Grand Duke Kyril was among the few survivors.[5] In December 1904, for his bravery in battle he was awarded a golden weapon with the caption For Courage and was promoted to staff captain.
By 1911 he was made a colonel. In the same year he represented the Czar at the coronation of Vajiravudh the King of Siam. Between 1910–1914, he wore the uniform of Colonel of His Imperial Highness the Tsesarevich Atamansky Guards Cossack Regiment. In 1914 he became a major general.[6]
When World War I broke out, Boris Vladimirovich was put in command of the Guards regiment of the Ataman Cossacks. It was a nominal position, and he managed to stay away from the fighting.[7] He commanded this regiment during the War between 1914 and 1915. Thereafter, he was attached to the general headquarters and was made Field Ataman for the commander in chief on 17 September 1915. He served in the army without real distinction. His military responsibilities were only vaguely defined and he did not change his ways during the war, continuing his life of pleasure and idleness.[8][9]
In spite of Boris' reputation, his ambitious mother wanted to arrange a splendid marriage for him. In February 1916, she tried to marry him to Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, Czar Nicholas II's eldest daughter. She was his first cousin once removed. Olga, overprotected by her parents, was an inexperienced girl of twenty.[9] Boris was thirty eight with a long line of mistresses linked to his name.[9] Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna turned him down.[6] The refusal provoked the enmity of Boris' mother. Maria Pavlovna and her family, the "Vladimirovichi", plotted to depose Czar Nicholas II and gain power themselves. Towards the end of the monarchy, they were involved in a conspiracy to put Boris' brother Kyril on the throne.[10]
Boris' Anglophobia got him into trouble during the War. In June 1916, he was having supper at military headquarters while drunk, and in the presence of several officers of the British Military mission, he lambasted Great Britain.[11] His behavior was so insulting that the British Ambassador made a formal protest, and Boris was forced by the Emperor to apologize.[6]
When Nicholas II abdicated Boris was at Gatchina with Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, who declined the throne.[10] This marked the fall of the Russian monarchy and Boris was one of the few members of the Romanov family who went to Mogilev to pay final respects to Czar Nicholas II.[12]
During the period of the provisional government Boris Vladimirovich was living in Tsarskoye Selo. In March 1917, he was put under house arrest because of compromising correspondence with his mother.[13] Released in the summer, he was able to gain entrance to the Vladimir Palace. Disguised, with the help of a friend and a caretaker, he retrieved the money and jewels from the secret safe in his mother’s bedroom. The jewels found their way to safety in a London bank.[14][15]
Before the Bolsheviks took power, Boris escaped the former Imperial capital to the Caucasus with his mistress Zenaida Rachevskaya. In September 1917, he joined his mother and younger brother Grand Duke Andrei Vladimorovich in Kislovodsk, a spa and resort town in the Caucasus.[14] He lived in a villa with his brother, but their mistresses were placed in separate houses, because Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna would not acknowledge their existence.[16] For the next year they lived quietly away from danger,[15] but in August 1918 Boris and his brother Andrew were arrested in the night after a systematic search of their villa. They were taken to Piatigorsk with other prisoners and detained at the state hotel. They narrowly escaped with their lives.[17] The Bolshevik commander sent to execute them had once been a struggling artist in Paris before the war whom Boris had helped by buying some of his paintings. The Bolshevik recognized him and, risking his own life, returned them to their villa the next day. Since they were no longer safe and would probably be arrested again, the two grand dukes decided to flee. On 26 August 1918, armed with false papers stating they were doing business with the Soviets,[18]
Boris and Andrei escaped heading for Kabarda, where the chief Circassian tribe, the Kabards, lived on the north slope of the mountain. For a time they wandered from village to village.[18] Kislovodsk was captured by the White Army and the Bolsheviks fled in late September, allowing the two brothers to return to the city on 6 October. However, two days later, under the threat of the Red advance, the small group of Romanovs and their entourage were forced to flee. In constant fear for their lives, the local White general advised them to travel to Anapa in the south.[16] He arranged a train and an escort of his own men and they left Piatigorsk on 19 October, with their own companions and other local refugees.[16] At Touapse a trawler was waiting, they docked at Anapa, a coastal city on the Black Sea on 22 October.[16] From there it would be easier to escape abroad by boat. However, Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna was determined to remain in Russia hoping that the White movement would prevail and Boris' brother Grand Duke Kyril Vladimirovich would be installed as Czar. By March 1919 Boris decided to leave with his mistress. Against his mother's wishes he left Russia from Anapa by boat through the Black Sea.[14][18][19]
Once safe in exile in Constantinople, Boris tried to get permission to go to Britain but was refused passage on a British warship.[10] His Anglophobia came back to haunt him and was disliked by the British royal family. Boris and Zenaida went to France but were expelled after a few weeks. They wanted to settle in Spain, as Grand Duke Boris was a friend of King Alphonso XIII of Spain, but received no reply and settled in San Remo, instead. They were married at Genoa, Italy on 12 July 1919.[10] Zinaida Sergeievna Rachevskaya (born 3 November 1896, Dvinsk (20 October 1896, O.S.) – died 20 January 1963, Paris, France) was the daughter of Colonel Sergei Alexandrovich Rachevsky, who had commanded the fortifications at Port Arthur.[10] Yeliseyeva by her first marriage to a military officer,[10] She was widowed by her first husband at the young age of 20.[20] Eventually Boris and his wife settled in France. He lived in a house at 18 Rue de Marignan, near the Champs-Élysées, with his wife, mother-in-law and private secretary.
Boris and his siblings were reunited in exile in September 1920, at Contrexéville in the south of France, by the death of their mother Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna.[21] Boris inherited his mother’s emeralds, the most valuable items of the Grand Duchess' jewel collection.[22] He sold most of them. The emeralds included a famous necklace which at some point was bought by Cartier, and in turn resold to Barbara Hutton. They subsequently reset the stones and created an even more famous piece, which could be worn as a necklace or a tiara. (It now belongs to Elizabeth Taylor.) With the money from the emeralds, Boris bought a chateau, "Sans Souci", in Meudon near Paris, living comfortably with his wife. The couple had no children, but raised Zinaida's niece, Natasha.
In the winter of 1925 he and his wife, who claimed an interest in dress-making, sailed to New York City.[20] He said that he just wanted to visit some friends and have a good time. When asked by a reporter whether Henry Ford was a financial supporter of the effort to restore the monarchy in Russia, Boris did not know who Henry Ford was.[23] His brother, Grand Duke Kyril, wanted to restore the Russian monarchy and in 1924 proclaimed himself czar-in-exile, but Boris was largely uninterested in politics.[23]
During the long years of exile the former playboy-Grand Duke remained in love with his wife, who was twenty years his junior.[20] He was deeply attached to her, and became involved with her family and circle of friends. Of the Romanovs, the couple was close only with Grand Duke Andrei Vladimorovich and his morganatic wife Mathilde Kschessinskaya. Zenaida was widely looked down upon by Boris' relatives.[20]
In exile, Boris frequented his illegitimate son, Boris Lacroix, who had been raised in France in his mother's family. Lacroix's mother, Jeanne, already deceased, was buried in Père Lachaise cemetery. Boris often visited his son, who became a famous designer under the name Jean Boris Lacroix.
During World War II, Boris and Zenaida experienced difficulties. At the end of 1942, during the German occupation, they sold their estate in Meudon, and moved to a house in the Rue de la Faisanderie in Paris. In 1943 he was critically ill, and died in his bed on 9 November 1943, in Paris, at age sixty-five. His obituary was briefly noted by the newspapers and Vichy radio. [24] Nonetheless there was a large turnout for the funeral, held at St Alexander Nevsky Russian-Orthodox church in Paris where his body was placed in the crypt. He was later reburied next to his mother in Contrexéville, in the Vosges, in the Russian Orthodox chapel.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||